Apparatus for reproducing vibrations of small amplitude.



A. ORLING.

APPARATUS FOR RBPRODUOING VIBRATIONS OF SMALL AMPLITUDE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 20, 1912.

1,094,165. Patented A r.21,191

4 SHEETSSHEET 1.

WIT VESJfS; IN VENTOI? ATT Y.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH co. WASHINGTON, n. c.

I A. ORLING. APPARATUS FOR RBPRODUGING VIBRATIONS OF SMALL AMPLITUDE.APILIOATION FILED JULY 20, 1912.

1,094,165. v PatentedApr.21, 1m

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

WIT/VESSEJJ v f/vrarw ATTY.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH cc., WASHINGTON. D. c.

A. ORLING.

APPARATUS FOR REPRODUGING VIBRATIONS OF SMALL AMPLITUDE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY20,1912

Patented Apr. 21, 19%

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH co..\\'/\sH1NGTON. n, c.

I A ORLING.

APPARATUS FOR REPRODUGING VIBRATIONS OF SMALL AMPLITUDE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 20, 1912.

1,094,165. 7 Patented Apr. 21, 191i 4 SHEETSSHEIJT 4. V

WITNEJJEJ; I I I VVE/V r0R1 M M 6% f iar7 Wad/nan 7% COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPHc0., WASHINGTON. D. c.

AxEL ORLING, 0F roo'rrne, LONDON, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR REPRODUCIN'G- VIBRATIONS: OF SMALL AMPLITUDE.

resa es.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AXEL ORLING, a subject of the King of Sweden,residing at No. 222 Seely road, Tooting, in the county of London,England, have invented new and useful Apparatus for ReproducingVibrations of Small Amplitude, of which the fol lowing is aspecification.

This invention relates to a new method or means whereby the vibrationsof a vibrating body can be reproduced on a scale greatly enlarged (ifdesired) as compared with the original vibrations. In this specificationthe wood vibration is intended and must be taken to include tremor,vibration, shaking and other small or similar displacement or movunent.According to this invention, the vibrations, which it is desired toreproduce, are communicated to a stream of fluid in such a way that thesaid stream is deflected to a greater or less degree from its originalpath, in consonanee with and according to the nature of the vibrations.The words stream of fluid as used in this specification are intended andmust be taken to include a moving column, jet, and stream of liquid,gas, or other like substance.

In addition to reproducing the vibrations on a large scale, with aminimum of interference with the vibrations of the vibrating body, whichvibrations, due to an external operating cause, may be of very feebleforce, the invention is such as to be adaptable to cause an electricrelay current to traverse a circuit and be rendered available for repeating with enhanced force and amplitude the sequence of the varyingvibrations and thereby translate, for example, a message, received in afeeble manner from a long ocean cable, in such a manner which willenable it to be vigorously repeated and forwarded to one or more distantstations. According to some of the methods described, the potential inthe relay circuit is caused to vary gradually in value.

If a stream of fluid is penetrated by an element which is adapted to belaterally displaced relatively to the axis of the stream, the branch ofthe stream which recedes from the section of penetration will, it freeto move, undergo an angular deflection relatively to the approachingbranch of the stream. In the case of a stream of small sectionpenetrated by a pivotally mounted wire, a transverse vibration of thelatter to a degree which is scarcely observable will Specification ofLetters Patent.

Application filed July 20, 1912.

Patented Apr. 21, 1914. Serial No. 710,655.

cause a marked angular deflection of the receding branch of the stream.

The present invention can be utilized in avariety of ways as will bedescribed with reference to the several figures on the accompanyingdrawings which illustrate some representative embodiments of theinvention.

In these drawings: Figure 1 shows an arrangement whereby the stream offluid which undergoes angular deflection by the vibrating penetratingelement serves directly to complete in alternative directions anelectric relay circuit. Figs. 2 and 3 are alternatives to portions ofFig. 1. Fig. 4 shows one method whereby the electric po tential in therelay circuit may be caused to vary gradually in value in accordancewith the angle of deflection of the deviated stream. Fig. 5 shows howthe deviated stream method of operation can be adapted to the electricalapparatus hitherto in use to automatically retransmit in a reinforcedmanner through land lines the feeble electric impulses as they arereceived through a long submarine cable. Fig. 6 shows how,

by a deflected jet of burning gas, an electric current can be invoked ina relay circuit of potential which varies gradually in value inaccordance with the angle of deflection of the deviated jet. Fig. 7 isan alternative method of achieving a similar result. Fig. 8 shows afurther alternative.

Referring to Fig. l, a is a stream of fluid, b is an element on to whichthe stream a is directed and past which it continues to flow in anunbroken stream. If the element 6 is very slightly displaced from theaxis of the stream, the receding branch of the stream will be caused toincline relatively to the approaching branch, in the direction of thelateral displacement of the element, and the fluid will impinge 011 anobject at a distance from the central line which is con siderablerelatively to the amount of the displacement of the element 6 from theaxis of the stream. If, as shown in Fig. 1, the element 6 is pivotallymounted and caused to undergo very rapidly recurring angular vibrationsof such small amplitude as to be scarcely discernible, a very apparentreproduction of the nature of those vibrations will result.

Suppose for example the element 6 to be secured to a plate which, in aninsulated manner, carries two separate metallic surfaces cl and e, ofwhich one is electrically connected to a wire (Z and the other to a wire0 which wires serve to support the element in a freely pivoted manner.Suppose also an electro-capillary element 7, consisting of two plugs ofmercury which protrude from capillary tubes, be so supported that theprotruding mercury abuts against the metal surfaces (Z and e, the innerends of the plugs of mercury being interconnected by an electrolyte, itwill be possible to transmit electric impulses through the capillaryelement with 'very high frequency and set up a very rapid oscillation ofthe element 1) and obtain a very apparent reproduction of the nature ofthe oscillations. The deflected stream can be employed to operate anelectric relay and cause the electric impulses which originate thevibrations of the element Z) to be automatically repeated in areinforced mannerthrough a land line and distant recorder.

Two terminals 7: 70 of an electric circuit are so situated as to receivethereon the stream which is composed of electro-conductive fluid, forinstance a liquid such as acidulated water, when the stream is deviatedfrom the central position. These terminals are connected to the oppositepoles respectively of an electric battery m, the center of the batterybeing connected to the land line a and earthed at 0 after traversing arecorder g) and any other necessary electrical instrument, the circuitbeing completed by a lead g from earth 0 to the stream. The streamserves to complete the electric relay circuit through either 76 or 70when the stream is deviated from its central position, the direction ofthe current through 70 being the reverse of that through 72 v Fig. 2shows a modification in which two pairs of terminals r 7' eachconsisting of wires so fine as to be unable to support beads of liquid,the circuit being completed through one or the other pair only so longas the deflected liquid streams between the two wires of a pair andbridges the gap between them.

In Fig. 3 the terminals of the relay circuit, instead of being metal,are themselves streams of liquid .9 .9 one or the other of which serveswith a portion of the stream a to complete the electric relay circuitthrough the land lines in one direction or the other, depending on thedirection of the deflection of the stream a.

Fig. 4 shows a further alternative method whereby the deflected streamof liquid can be caused to operate an electrical relay. In thisarrangement two high resistance wires t t are situated parallel to andin proxim- 7 ity with one another and lie in the direction of the throwof the liquid stream a, when caused to angularly deviate under theinfluence of the displaceable element 6. The

end of one of the wires t are connected to the opposite polesrespectively of an electric battery m, the center of the battery beingconnected to the land line a and earthed at 0 after traversing arecorder 79 and any other required electrical instrument, the cir cuitbeing completed by a lead 9 from earth at 0 to the second highresistance wire t and from t to t through the medium of the interposedconductive liquid of the deflected stream. It is so arranged that thestream, when unaifected by b will impinge at such an adjusted point 15that the currents, which tend to flow from the battery in oppositedirections through the land line a, will have equal potentials andtherefore balance one another. When the stream is deviated to eitherside of the equilibrium point t", the resistance offered to the flow ofthe relay electric current in one direction will be increased and in theother direction will be diminished, thus determining a flow of currentin the desired direction. \Vith this arrangement the strength of therelay current will increase with the deflection of the stream and theleast deflection of the stream will start the current.

Fig. 5 shows how the liquid relay system of the present invention can beapplied to existing apparatus to automatically retransmit, in areinforced manner, electric impulses through land lines. In this theelectric impulses from a cable cause angular deviations of a coil towhich is suspended within a magnetic field N S in the usual way. Theelement 6, by the lateral displacement of its extremity, causes adeflection of a stream a of liquid, as before described, and directs itto intersect a terminal wire o of a relay circuit or o of an alternativerelay circuit the energy for either being derived from a battery ca andthe circuits completed by a wire a; which is continuously intersected bythe stream at a very short distance below the point of intersection ofeither c or o Each of the last mentioned relay circuits contains anelectro-magnet denoted by ,1 and 1 respectively. If 11 is energized, acircuit energized by a more powerful source of electricity 10 will becompleted in one direction through a land line and back through earthor, alternatively, forward through the earth and back through the landline, the construction and arrangement of the switches for reversing thecurrent being of well known character as shown in Fig. 5. To promote theunbroken continuity of the stream of fluid the deflection of thereceding branch of which constitutes the foundation of the method ofoperation of the present invention, a flexible or elastic filament ofsolid material may be provided to serve as a core or leader. This fore.\' ample may be a thread, a quartz fiber or may be alternatively a.metallic conductor.

Also the stream may be composed of gas or vapor, and this stream may becharged with conductive particles such as finely divided carbon,powdered metal or suspended particles of moisture, with or without aleader of flexible fiber to promote the continuity or conductivencss ofthe stream.

The stream a may consist of ignited combustible gas and the heat of thepencil of flame may be caused to vary the electrical resistance in aconducting wire as illustrated in Fig. 6. In this figure an ignited jeta of combustible gas which issues in a fine jet from a supply tube 1 ispenetrated by an element 6, which is so suspended and actuated as to berequired to undergo small angular displacements, and in consequence thereceding branch 2 of the jet will impinge on a portion 3 of a wire 3which deviates from a central position 3, to the right or left thereof,in accordance with the angular position of the displaceable element Z).

The extremities 3 3 of the wire 3 are connected to the terminals of anelectric battery 4 whose center is 1. The above mentioned points 3 4 areinterconnected by a circuit which comprises a land line 5 and a recorder6 for example. If, under such circumstances, the flame impinges at 3 thepotential in the land line and recorder will be zero but, if the flamedeviates from 33 it will, by heating the portion of the wire 3 on whichit impinges, increase the elec- 85 trical resistance thereof and permitthe battery to energize the recording circuit with a preponderatingpotential in one direction or the other in accordance with the directionof deviation of the flame from 3.

In Fig. 7 is shown a further alternative method whereby a stream a, inthe case of liquid, which undergoes fluctuating angular deflection by anoscillating element b, is caused to operate in a relay circuit anelectric current of potential which Varies gradually in value inaccordance with the angle of deviation of the deflected stream. In thisfigure two oppositely directed jets 7 and 8 of electro-conductive liquiddelivered in fine streams from the tubes 7 and 8 respectively, impingeon one another and at the place of meeting the united streams descend ina compound stream 9 to complete communication with a metallic conductor10.

The streams 7 and 8 constitute portions of two opposing branches of anelectric cir cuit which is energized by a battery 4, one terminal ofwhich is by a wire 7 connected to the liquid of the jet 7 while theother so terminal is connected by a wire 8 to the liquid of the jet 8.The center 4= of the battery is connected to a land line 5 and thencethrough a recorder 6 to earth at 11 the circuit being completed byconnecting the es metallic conductor 10 to earth at 11 The place ofmeeting of the two jets of liquid 7, 8 will be determined by theposition (a of impingement of the deflected stream; If the stream is notdeflected and strikes the jets at the central point a", there will be noelectric potential in the conductor 10 and therefore no current in theland line 5. If, alternatively, by the dis placement of Z) the stream ais deflected to a point such as a on one side of the center (t this willhave the effect of lengthening the stream 8 and correspondinglyshortening the stream 7, thereby increasing the electric resistance ofthe former and diminishing that of the latter and so causing an elec- 8Gtric current to flow through the land line and recorder in a directionwhich will depend on the relative situations of a and a To avoidinterference with steady action by electrolytic generation of gas thetermig5 nals 7 8 are immersed in liquid contained in vertical branches 78 of the tubes 7 8. In the upper portions of these branches the gasescollect and at intervals are permitted to escape, bubbles of gas beingthus prevented from escaping with the streams 7, 8.

In various other ways can the potential be gradually varied in value bycausing the deflected stream to insert more resistance in one and lessresistance in the other of 5 two opposing branches of a relay circuitBut, by the arrangement of Fig. 8, instead of altering the potential byinterposing more or less resistance in two opposing branches of anelectric circuit, a greater or less initiating electro-motive force isbrought into operation through the medium of the deflect-ion of thedeviated stream, the number of cell units of an electric battery whichare oined up in series undergoing a variation according to the angle ofdeflection. According to this figure, a comb of wire teeth carried by aconductor 12 is provided and, between the said teeth, with LOC- spaceintervals, is interposed a plurality of 110.

wire terminals each leading from a unit-cell of a battery 4, the saidterminals being carried by an insulating support 13,

The center of the battery is connected to earth at 14: and the conductor12 leads to earth at 14 through a land line 5 and recorder 6. The streama. of liquid on deflection by the oscillating element 6 serves to bridgethe space between two consecutive wires carried respectively by theconductor 12 and the insulating support 13, the number of unit cellswhich are thereby introduced in series into the relay circuit beingdependent on the angle of deflection of the deviated stream and thedirection of the current through the relay circuit depending on thedirection of said angle of deflection.

I claim:

1. A relay contrivance comprising a stream of fluid, an element immersedtherein, means for causing said element to undergo relative displacementtransversely to said stream and relay means operated by the consequentangular displacement of the receding portion 5 of said stream.

2. A relay contrivance comprising a stream of fluid, an element immersedtherein, means for causing said element to undergo relative displacementtransversely to said stream, a

10 source of electricity and an electric circuit energized by saidsource and rendered 0perative by the consequent angular displacement ofthe receding portion of said stream.

3. A relay contrivance comprising a stream 15 of fluid, an elementimmersed therein, means for causing the said element to undergo a seriesof displacements transversely to the stream, a source of electric energyand 0pposing circuits energized by said source and alternativelyrendered operative by the 20 stream on the transverse displacements ofthe element,

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

AXEL ORLING.

Vitnesses ROBERT ARTHUR SMITH, H. D. JAMESON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe "Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

